Demographic distribution of allergic conjunctivitis in selected schools in Ovia North East Local Government Area, Benin City, Edo State

Abstract

Background: The burden of allergic diseases and conjunctivitis has been on the increase, especially in developing countries, prompting several studies across varying populations to investigate the causes and prevalence of these conditions. Epidemiological studies have been concerned largely with the prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis in the adult population and little is known about its prevalence in the paediatric population. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis among school children in Ovia North East Local government Area, Benin City.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a sample size of 300 children aged 5 to 17 years from selected schools. Case history was taken through a structured questionnaire after which the children were screened. Visual acuity was measured using the Snellen Acuity chart. Internal and external eye examinations were done using a direct ophthalmoscope, magnifying loupe and penlight respectively. Data obtained was presented in percentages and tables. Chi square test was utilized to test for association between variables.

Results: A total of 190 participants were examined: 78 males and 112 females (12.9± 2.39 years). The study revealed that allergic conjunctivitis was present in 48.4% (92) of the participants, with itching being the most commonly experienced symptom. There was no association between allergic conjunctivitis and either age or gender (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Allergic conjunctivitis was prevalent among children in the southern part of the country, stating the need for enlightenment among parents/guardians, use of relief methods, and recommendation of further research.